CREWMEMBER INTERACTIONS DURING A MIR SPACE STATION SIMULATION

Nick Kanas, M.D., Daniel S. Weiss, Ph.D., and Charles R. Marmar, M.D., Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 67:969-975, 1996.

ABSTRACT

Background: Interpersonal problems may negatively affect crews on long-duration space missions. These problems stem from crewmember tension and its displacement to the outside monitoring personnel, and from disruptions in crew cohesion and unclear leadership roles. We hypothesized that crew tension and dysphoria would transiently increase following stressful events and be greater in the second half of the mission; that cohesion would be less during the second half of a mission; that tension and dysphoria would be displaced to the outside monitoring personnel; and that high levels of leader support and control would produce high levels of cohesion.

Methods: We tested these hypotheses during a 135-day Mir space station simulation study in Moscow. At weekly intervals, the three crewmembers completed items from two group climate questionnaires, a mood questionnaire, and a log of stressful events.

Results: Contrary to expectations, there was significantly more total mood disturbance and tension during the first 9 weeks than during the subsequent 10 weeks of the simulation. Although levels of cohesion remained the same over time, cohesion scores dropped at a significantly greater rate during the last third of the seclusion. There was evidence for the displacement of tension and dyphoria to the outside monitoring personnel. There were significant correlations in the predicterd direction between leader support and control and crew coheison, as well as evidence of status leveling in the mission commander.

Conclusions: Crewmember tension, cohesion, and leadership are important issues affecting people working in secluded environments, and they need to be studied further in space.