Shuttle/Mir Project Patch

Human Interactions During Shuttle/Mir Space Missions

During the joint NASA and Russian Space Agency missions to the Mir space station, we studied a number of psychosocial issues that affected 5 American and 5 Russian crews. The American and Russian mission controllers who supported these missions also participated. Subjects completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Group Environment Scale (GES), the Work Environment Scale (WES), and a Critical Incident Log each week during the missions. The findings from this investigation are presented in detail in the publications listed below. Funding for this investigation was provided by NASA.

Related Publications
  1. Kanas, N and Manzey, D: Space Psychology and Psychiatry, Microcosm Press, Torrance, CA, and Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2003. (Abstract)

  2. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Weiss, DS, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Human interactions in space: Results from Shuttle/Mir. Acta Astronautica, 49: 243-260, 2001. (Abstract) (Request Reprint) (View full text as PDF, 8745 KB)

  3. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Gushin, V, Weiss, DS, Grund, EM, Flynn, C, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Asthenia - Does it exist in Space? Psychosomatic Medicine, 63: 874-880, 2001(Abstract) (Request Reprint)

  4. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Weiss, DS, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Psychosocial issues in space: Results from Shuttle/Mir. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin, 14(2): 35-45, 2001(Abstract) (Request Reprint)

  5. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Weiss, DS, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Acta Astronautica, 49: 777-784, 2001.(Abstract) (Request Reprint) (View full text as PDF, 3504 KB)

  6. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Weiss, DS, Grund, EM, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, Bostrom, A, and Marmar, CR: Crewmember and ground personnel interactions over time during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 72:453-461. 2001.(Abstract) (Request Reprint)

  7. Kanas, N, Marmar, CR, Weiss, DS, Salnitskiy, V, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Grund, EM: Crew member and crew-ground interactions duringNASA/Mir. Phase 1 Research Program Final Research Report. NASA/JSC, Houston, TX, 2001.

  8. Kanas, N: Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions: Relevance for the Antarctic. Proceedings, 2nd Italian Workshop on Human Adaptation in Antarctica and Extreme Environments, September 24-28, 2001.

  9. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Gushin, Marmar, CR: Psychosocial countermeasures for International Space Station missions. 52nd International Astronautical Congress, Toulouse, France. International Astronautical Federation: Paris 2001.

  10. Kanas, N, Weiss, D, Marmar, CR, and Grund, EM: Crewmember and crew-ground interactions during International Space Station missions. Proceedings, Conference and Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization - 2001., Cape Canaveral, FL. NASA/Boeing/AIAA, October, 2001.

  11. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Weiss, DS, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Psychiatric issues in space: Implications from the Space Shuttle/Mir program. Paper #94. Proceedings, American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, May 5-10, 2001.

  12. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Weiss, D, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, C: Lessons learned from Shuttle/Mir: Psychosocial countermeasues. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 72:232, 2001.

  13. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Gushin, V, Weiss, DS, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A and Marmar, CR: Social and cultural issues during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Acta Astronautica, 47:647-655, 2000. (Abstract) (Request Reprint) (View full text as PDF, 4240 KB)

  14. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Gushin, V, Weiss, DS, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A and Marmar, CR: Interpersonal and cultural issues involving crews and ground personnel during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 71(9, Suppl.):A11-16, 2000.(Abstract) (Request Reprint)

  15. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Weiss, DS, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, and Marmar, CR: Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions. IAF/IAA-00-G.3.01. 51st International Astronautical Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. International Astronautical Federation: Paris, 2000.

  16. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Gushin, V, Weiss, DS, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A and Marmar, CR: Social and cultural issues during Shuttle/Mir space missions. IAF/IAA-99-G.3.03. 50th International Astronautical Congress, Amsterdam. International Astronautical Federation, Paris, 1999.

  17. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A, and Weiss, D: Interactions of crewmembers and mission control personnel during Shuttle/Mir missions. Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop. pp. 150-151, NASA/USRA, League City, TX, January 11-13, 1999,.

  18. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, EM, Gushin, V, Weiss, DS, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A and Marmar, CR: Social and cultural issues during Shuttle/Mir space missions. IAF/IAA-99-G.3.03. 50th International Astronautical Congress, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. International Astronautical Federation: Paris, 1999.

  19. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A and Weiss, D: Crewmember interactions during joint U.S./Russian Mir Missions: Purpose and panel overview. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 70:382, 1999.

  20. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A and Weiss, D: Crewmember interactions during joint U.S/Russian Mir Missions: Methods. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 70:382-383, 1999.

  21. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A and Weiss, D: Crewmember interactions during joint U.S./Russian Mir Missions: Results. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 70:383, 1999.

  22. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A and Weiss, D: Crewmember interactions during joint U.S./Russian Mir Missions: Conclusions and countermeasures. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 70:383, 1999.

  23. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Marmar, C, Sled, A and Weiss, D: Crewmember interactions during joint U.S./Russian Mir Missions: Operational perspectives from the cosmonaut psychological support group. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 70:383, 1999.

  24. Kanas, N, Marmar, CR, Weiss, DS, and Grund, EM: Crew member and crew-ground interactions (E628). Phase I Research Program Interim Results Symposium: Second Symposium Proceedings. NASA/JSC, March 31-April 2,1998.

  25. Kanas, N, Salnitskiy, V, Grund, E, Gushin, V, Kozerenko, O, Sled, A, Weiss, DS, and Marmar, CR: Crew member and crew-ground interactions during Shuttle/Mir missions: Preliminary findings. Phase I Research Program Interim Results Symposium: Third Symposium Proceedings. NASA/JSC, November 3-5, 1998.

  26. Kanas, N, Marmar, CR, Weiss, DS, and Grund, E: Crew member and crew-ground interactions. Phase I Research Program Interim Results Symposium: First Symposium Proceedings. NASA/JSC, August 5-7, 1997.